Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing, or EMDR therapy, has gained significant attention in the world of mental health, especially for its use in treating trauma and anxiety disorders. Many therapists and clients have reported profound benefits from EMDR, but it also remains one of the more controversial therapies in psychological treatment. This controversy stems from ongoing debates about how EMDR works, its scientific backing, and concerns about safety and suitability for all clients.
If you’ve been wondering why is EMDR so controversial, this blog will explore the common criticisms, why some people are skeptical or hesitant about it, which clients should avoid EMDR, and the potential negative effects of this therapy.
What Are the Criticisms of EMDR Therapy?
One of the main reasons EMDR has stirred debate in the mental health community is the uncertainty surrounding its mechanism of action. EMDR combines elements of traditional talk therapy with a unique component—bilateral stimulation, often through guided eye movements, taps, or sounds. While many clients report relief, some critics question whether the eye movements themselves actually provide therapeutic benefit.
Although EMDR has been recognized by major organizations like the American Psychological Association as an effective treatment for PTSD, critics argue that the improvements seen might simply result from exposure therapy or cognitive restructuring happening during the sessions rather than the eye movements. This lack of a clear scientific explanation for the specific role of bilateral stimulation has fueled skepticism among some mental health professionals.
Another concern relates to EMDR’s use beyond trauma. While it’s well-supported for PTSD, its effectiveness for other mental health issues such as generalized anxiety or depression is less established. Some experts caution against promoting EMDR as a cure-all, warning that more rigorous studies are needed to confirm its benefits across a wider range of disorders.
Additionally, some skeptics suggest that the positive outcomes of EMDR might be partially due to the placebo effect, where clients improve because they expect the therapy to work, rather than because of any unique features of EMDR itself. There is also concern that over-relying on eye movements or bilateral stimulation could oversimplify complex psychological problems and lead therapists to overlook other evidence-based treatment approaches.
Why Do People Not Like EMDR?
Beyond professional critiques, many clients and therapists have personal reasons for hesitating about EMDR. For some individuals, the process of recalling distressing memories while simultaneously focusing on eye movements or other stimuli can feel uncomfortable or even overwhelming. This discomfort sometimes causes people to avoid or discontinue the therapy before experiencing its full benefits.
There is also a natural fear among clients about “reliving” trauma. Although EMDR isn’t about re-experiencing pain, the therapy requires addressing difficult memories, which can feel intimidating. Some people worry that they might become more distressed in the process rather than finding relief.
Another factor is the relative novelty of EMDR. Compared to traditional talk therapy, EMDR is newer and less familiar to both clients and some clinicians. This unfamiliarity can lead to skepticism or mistrust, especially if someone feels unsure about how the therapy works or doubts its legitimacy.
Finally, negative past experiences with EMDR can influence perceptions. If a person has felt emotionally flooded, unsupported, or misunderstood during EMDR, they may develop a lasting negative view of the therapy.
Which Clients Should Not Do EMDR?
EMDR is not suitable for everyone, and it’s essential for therapists to carefully assess each client before beginning treatment. For example, individuals experiencing severe dissociation or active psychosis are generally not good candidates for EMDR. The intense emotional processing involved in EMDR can worsen dissociative symptoms or destabilize psychosis, making alternative treatment approaches necessary first.
People with certain medical or neurological conditions should also approach EMDR with caution. For instance, those with uncontrolled epilepsy or other neurological disorders might be at risk due to the bilateral stimulation used in EMDR. In these cases, thorough medical evaluation and coordination with healthcare providers are critical.
Clients who are currently abusing substances may find it difficult to fully engage in EMDR therapy, which requires focus and emotional stability. Often, substance abuse treatment or stabilization needs to come before starting EMDR.
Finally, individuals going through an acute crisis or extreme instability usually benefit from therapies focused on grounding and safety before tackling trauma with EMDR.
What Is the Negative Effect of EMDR?
Like any therapeutic intervention, EMDR can produce negative effects, though these are generally temporary and manageable with appropriate support. During the early phases of treatment, it’s common for clients to experience increased emotional distress. Accessing painful memories may temporarily intensify feelings of anxiety, sadness, or anger.
Some clients also report vivid dreams or flashbacks related to trauma following sessions. These experiences can be unsettling but often diminish as therapy progresses and emotional processing continues.
Physical sensations such as headaches, dizziness, or fatigue may occur as the brain works through emotional material. Additionally, some people with a tendency toward dissociation might feel detached or disconnected during or after sessions. This dissociative response is uncommon but requires careful monitoring by the therapist.
Proper pacing, support, and teaching coping strategies can help minimize these negative effects, making the therapy safer and more tolerable for clients.
The Bottom Line: Is EMDR Worth Trying?
Despite its controversies, EMDR remains a widely used and often highly effective therapy, especially for trauma and anxiety-related conditions. Many clients find it faster and more impactful than traditional talk therapy alone. However, it’s important to approach EMDR with realistic expectations and ensure it’s the right fit for your unique situation.
If you’re curious about EMDR or concerned about its controversies, talk with a licensed therapist experienced in EMDR to get personalized guidance. Together, you can weigh the benefits and risks and decide if EMDR could be the breakthrough you need.